AIPMT-NEET Biology Aspirants, read out the next AIPMT-NEET Biology Study material/ Notes about Vitamins -their major food sources, major functions in human body and what are the diseases related to deficiency of vitamins, important for AIPMT-NEET Biology. Free online notes for AIPMT-NEET.
B-complex Vitamins and Vitamin C are Water-soluble vitamins, while Vitamin A, D, E, K are Fat-soluble vitamins.
| Vitamin | Major Sources | Major Functions in the Body | Deficiency Symptoms/ Diseases |
|---|---|---|---|
| Water-Soluble Vitamins | |||
| Vitamin B1(thiamine) | Legumes, whole grains, potatoes, | Coenzyme in CO2 removal during cellular | Beriberi (fatigue, nerve disorders, anemia), loss of appetite, weakening of heart |
| Vitamin B2 (riboflavin) | Dairy products, meats, enriched, grains, vegetables | Component of coenzymes FAD and FMN | Inflammation and breakdown of skin such as cracks at corners of mouth, eye irritation |
| Vitamin B3 (niacin) | Liver, lean meats, grains, nuts | Component of coenzymes NAD+ and NADP+ | Pellagra , inflammation of nerves, mental disorders |
| Vitamin B5 (pantothenic acid) | Liver, eggs, yeast | Part of coenzyme-A, a key connection between carbohydrate and fat metabolism | Loss of coordination; tingling of hands and feet; adrenal problems, reproductive problem |
| Vitamin B6 (pyridoxine) | Cereals, vegetables, meats | Coenzyme used in amino acid metabolism | Irritability, convulsions, muscular twitching, anemia |
| Vitamin B7 (biotin) | Meat, vegetables, legumes | Coenzyme in fat synthesis, glycogen and amino acid metabolism | Loss of hair, Scaly skin inflammation, neuromuscular disorders |
| Vitamin B9 (folic acid) | Green vegetables, oranges, nuts, legumes, whole grains, also synthesized by bacteria in intestine | Coenzyme in nucleic acid and amino acid metabolism | Anemia, birth defects |
| Vitamin B12 (cyanocobalamin) | Red meats, eggs, dairy products, also synthesized by bacteria in intestine | Coenzyme in the production of nucleic acids and in formation of red blood cells | Pernicious anemia, numbness, loss of balance |
| Vitamin C (ascorbic acid) | Citrus fruits, broccoli, tomatoes, cabbage, green peppers | Used in collagen synthesis; antioxidant; improves absorption of iron | Scurvy (degeneration of skin and teeth, breakdown of skin, delayed wound healing |
| Fat-Soluble Vitamins | |||
| Vitamin A (retinol) | Green vegetables, milk products, liver | Component of visual pigments; maintenance of epithelial tissues | Night blindness, flaky skin |
| Vitamin D(calciferol) | Fortified milk, cod liver oil, egg yolk; also synthesized in skin exposed to sunlight | Increases absorption of calcium and promotes bone formation; absorption of phosphorus | Rickets (bone deformities) in children, bone softening in adults |
| Vitamin E (tocopherol) | Whole grains, nuts, seeds | Antioxidant; helps prevent damage to cell membranes; muscle maintenance | Nervous system degeneration |
| Vitamin K (phylloquinone) | Intestinal bacteria, liver, green leafy vegetables | Essential to blood clotting | Blood clotting problems |
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