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There are two fundamentally different types of cells: Prokaryotic Cell and Eukaryotic Cell. Prokaryotes include both the Bacteria and Archaea, while Algae, Fungi, Protozoa, higher Plants, and Animals are all Eukaryotes. Prokaryotic cell has much simpler morphology than eukaryotic cell. Prokaryote (pro= before; karyon= nucleus) means having primordial nucleus; they lack true membrane-bound nucleus.
Eukaryote (eu=true; karyon= nucleus) means having true nucleus; they have true membrane-bound nucleus. Other differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell are discussed below:
| Property/ Structure | Prokaryotic Cell | Eukaryotic Cell |
| Cell Size | 1-10 µm | 10-100 µm |
| Cell Wall | Present; of Peptidoglycan | Absent in animals; Plants have of Cellulose; Fungi have of Chitin |
| Cytoskeleton | Absent | Present |
| True Nucleus | Absent; Nucleoid is present | Present |
| Nuclear membrane | Absent | Present |
| DNA | Single circular DNA without Histones (Naked DNA) | Linear DNA molecules with Histones |
| No. of Chromosome | One | More than one |
| Introns in Genes | Absent | Present; very common |
| Nucleolus | Absent | Present |
| Mitochondria | Absent | Present |
| Chloroplasts | Absent | Present |
| Endoplasmic reticulum | Absent | Present |
| Golgi Apparatus | Absent | Present |
| Ribosomes | 70S | 80S (Except in mitochondria and chloroplasts) |
| Plasmid (Extra-chromosomal circular DNA) | Often present | Absent |
| Cell Division | by Binary Fission, Budding;
No Mitosis & Meiosis |
By Mitosis & Meiosis |
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